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The list below shows some of the more common imaging procedures and compares the radiation dose to the normal background radiation that all people encounter on a daily basis. In other words, the risks are minimal compared to the benefits of medical imaging.Įach procedure has a different associated risk that depends on the type of X-ray and the part of the body being imaged. At least 62 million CT scans were carried out in America in 2007.Īccording to one study, by the age of 75 years, X-rays will increase the risk of cancer by 0.6 to 1.8 percent. Some scientists expect this level to rise in parallel with the increased use of CT scans in medical procedures. It is estimated that 0.4 percent of cancers in the U.S. However, the benefits of X-ray technology far outweigh the potential negative consequences of using them. For this reason, X-rays are classified as a carcinogen by both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States government. X-rays can cause mutations in our DNA and, therefore, might lead to cancer later in life. This procedure uses the highest dose of X-rays because a large number of images are taken in one sitting.
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The patient moves slowly into the machine so that a series of “slices” can be taken to build up a 3D image. A fan-shaped beam of X-rays passes through the patient onto a number of detectors. Fluoroscopy uses more X-ray radiation than a standard X-ray, but the amounts are still extremely small.Ĭomputed tomography (CT): The patient lies on a table and enters a ring-shaped scanner. This type of X-ray might be used to watch the activity of the gut after a barium meal. Radiography also uses the smallest amounts of radiation.įluoroscopy: The radiologist, or radiographer, can watch the X-ray of the patient moving in real-time and take snapshots. It is used to image broken bones, teeth, and the chest. Radiography: This is the most familiar type of X-ray imaging. Because bones are rich in calcium, which has a high atomic number, the X-rays are absorbed and appear white on the resulting image.Īny trapped gases, for instance, in the lungs, show up as dark patches because of their particularly low absorption rates. To produce a standard X-ray image, the patient or part of their body is placed in front of an X-ray detector and illuminated by short X-ray pulses. There have, however, been few studies linking an airborne occupation to increased incidence of cancer. Pilots, cabin crew, and astronauts are at more risk of higher doses because of the increased exposure to cosmic rays at altitude. These rays are not harmless but they are unavoidable, and the radiation is at such low levels that its effects are virtually unnoticed. The greatest source of natural radiation for most people is radon.Īdditionally, the Earth is constantly bombarded by cosmic radiation, which includes X-rays. Radioactive material is found naturally in the air, soil, water, rocks, and vegetation.
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The first person to receive an X-ray for medical purposes was young Eddie McCarthy of Hanover, who fell while skating on the Connecticut River in 1896 and fractured his left wrist.Įveryone on the planet is exposed to a certain amount of radiation as they go about their daily lives. Just weeks after he discovered that they could help visualize bones, X-rays were being used in a medical setting. Wilhelm Röntgen is credited with first describing X-rays. Because of her efforts, over a million soldiers were x-rayed during WWI, completely changing their lives for the better.Share on Pinterest The first X-ray was carried out over 100 years ago. Curie had her own, which she operated on the frontline, and women she had trained ran the others.Ĭurie also oversaw the installation of 200 x-ray machines at field hospitals-semi-permanent hospitals near the frontline. Those twenty petite Curies went to the frontline and allowed tens of thousands of soldiers to receive x-rays. She sought further funding from wealthy women in Paris and built twenty petite Curies. Curie built her first petite Curie, and it worked. She then approached the Union of Women of France and was successful.
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So she invented the petite Curie-a van fitted with a portable x-ray machine.Ĭurie approached the French military, seeking funding for her invention, but they refused her. She thought about the surgeons on the frontline and how they were performing surgery without the time or ability to take soldiers to one of the few hospitals in France with x-ray machines. World War One broke out in 1914, three years after Marie Curie won her second Nobel Prize.Ĭurie thought about what she could do to help the war effort.
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